Cite this article as:
Akhmedenov K. M., Bakiev A. G., Gorelov R. A., Nazarova G. A. Distribution, Status and Prospects for the Conservation of the Caspian Whipsnake Hierophis Caspius (Gmelin, 1789) (Colubridae, Reptilia) in Kazakhstan. Current Studies in Herpetology, 2019, vol. 19, iss. , pp. 3-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18500/1814-6090-2019-19-1-2-3-16
Distribution, Status and Prospects for the Conservation of the Caspian Whipsnake Hierophis Caspius (Gmelin, 1789) (Colubridae, Reptilia) in Kazakhstan
The Caspian whipsnake was described by I. I. Lepyokhin (1771), possibly from the Western Kazakhstan. The species name caspius was assigned to the snake by J. F. Gmelin (1789). Based on our own and literature data, modern habitats of the Caspian whipsnake are given in the Western Kazakhstanian and Atyrau regions of Kazakhstan – from 48°47.305' N and 47°22.559' E (in the north) to 46°56.536' N and 49°18.177' E (in the south). A number of findings noted over the past 250 years in modern Kurmangazinsky, Isatai and Makhambet districts of the Atyrau region, as well as in the vicinity of the Atyrau City, in Tupkaragan district of the Mangystau region, Akzhaik and Zhangalinsky districts of the Western Kazakhstan region require confirmation and clarification. Any indications of the distribution of the species in the Eastern Kazakhstan are erroneous. At present in the specially protected natural areas of Kazakhstan, the species reliably lives only in the natural state wildlife area “Orda” (of local value), where it was discovered in 2018. In order to preserve the species in Kazakhstan, the rationale and creation of a specially protected territory “Maloye Bogdo Mountain” seem promising. Rare plant and animal species, including the Caspian whipsnake with a relatively high abundance, inhabit this mountain and its surroundings, where mining of nonmetallic minerals has begun.
Ananjeva N. B., Orlov N. L., Khalikov R. G., Darevsky I. S., Ryabov S. A., Barabanov A. V. Colored Atlas of the Reptiles of the North Eurasia (Taxonomic Diversity, Distribution, Conservation Status). St. Peters-burg, Zool. Institute of RAS Publ., 2004. 232 p. (in Russian).
Akhmedenov K. M., Bakiev A. G., Gorelov R. A., Kalmykova O. G. To the Herpetofauna of the Region of the Maloe Bogdo Mountain. Izvestia of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2017 a, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 134–139 (in Russian).
Akhmedenov K. M., Bakiev A. G., Gorelov R. A., Kalmykova O. G., Klenina A. A. Gerpetofauna gor Bol'shogo i Malogo Bogdo i ikh okrestnostey: istoriya izucheniya, sovremennyy sostav i perspektivy sokhraneniya [The herpetofauna of the Bolshoye and Maloye Bogdo mountains and their surroundings: history of study, modern composition and conservation prospects]. In: Okhrana prirody i regional'noe razvitie: garmoniya i konflikty (k Godu ehkologii v Rossii): materialy mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. i shk.-seminara molodykh uchenykh-stepevedov “Geoehkologicheskie problemy stepnykh regionov”, provedyonnykh v ramkakh XXI sessii Obedinennogo nauchnogo soveta po fundamental'nym geograficheskim problemam pri Mezhdunar. assotsiatsii akademij nauk (MААN) i Nauchnogo soveta RАN po fundamental'nym geograficheskim problemam [Conservation of nature and regional development: harmony and conflicts (to the Year of Ecology in Russia): materials of the international scientific-practical conference and school-seminar of young steppe scientists “Geoecological problems of steppe regions” held in the framework of the XXI session of the Joint Scientific Council on fundamental geographical problems International Native Association of Academies of Sciences (IAAS) and the Scientific Council on fundamental geographical problems. Vol. I]. Orenburg, Steppe Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Publ., 2017 b, pp. 113–117 (in Russian).
Akhmedenov K. M., Abuova R. S., Nazarova G. A. Supplements to the herpetofauna of the Maloye Bogdo mountain and its environs. Bulletin of West Kazakhstan State University, 2018 а, no. 3, pp. 285–296 (in Russian).
Akhmedenov K. M., Bakiev A. G., Gorelov R. A., Kalmykova O. G., Shpigelman M. I., Abuova R. S. Materials for the creation of a specially protected natural area “Mountain Maloe Bogdo” in Western Kazakhstan. Astrakhan Messenger Environmental Education, 2018 b, no. 5, pp. 18–26 (in Russian).
Akhmedenov K. M., Bakiev A. G., Efimov V. M., Kuvovenko A. E., Khaidarov E. E., Shpigelman M. I. Inder – perspektivnyy geopark Priural'ya: Dnevnik mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-poznavatel'noy ekspeditsii v ramkakh programmy «Rukhani zhaңġyru» i 55-letiya Zapadno-Kazakhstanskogo agrarno-tekhnicheskogo universiteta imeni Zhangir khana [Inder – Promising Geopark of the Ural: Diary of an International Scientific and Educational Expedition Under the Program “Spiritual renewal” and the 55th anniversary of the West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University named after Zhangir Khan]. Uralsk, West Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University named after Zhangir Khan Publ., 2018 c. 118 p. (in Russian).
Baydulova L., Bulatova K., Karagoyshin J. Zhivotnyy mir Zapadno-Kazakhstanskoy oblasti. Uchebnoye posobiye dlya uchashchikhsya obshcheobrazovatel'nykh shkol Zapadno-Kazakhstanskoy oblasti [Animal world of the West Kazakhstan region. A manual for students of secondary schools in the West Kazakhstan region]. Uralsk, 2001. 124 p. (in Russian).
Bannikov A. G., Darevsky I. S., Rustamov A. K. Zemnovodnyye i presmykayushchiyesya SSSR [Amphibians and Reptiles of the USSR]. Moscow, Mysl' Publ., 1971. 303 p. (in Russian).
Bannikov A. G., Darevsky I. S., Ischchenko V. G., Rustamov A. K., Szczerbak N. N. Opredelitel' zemnovodnykh i presmykaiushchikhsia fauny SSSR [Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of the USSR Fauna]. Moscow, Prosvetscheniye Publ., 1977. 416 p. (in Russian).
Borkin L. J. Kto takoy Ivan? (kur'yeznyy sluchay iz istorii gerpetologii) [Who was Ivan? (an amusing story from the history of herpetology)]. In: Russko-nemetskiye svyazi v biologii i meditsine: opyt 300-letnego vzaimodeystviya [Russian-German Links in Biology and Medicine: 300 year Experience of Interaction]. St. Petersburg, Sankt-Peterburgskij soyuz uchenykh, 2000, pp. 191–200. (in Russian).
Borkin L. J., Gannibal B. K., Golubev A. V. Dorogami Petra Simona Pallasa (po zapadu Kazakhstana) [On the parhways of Peter Simon Pallas (journeys through Western Kazakhstan)]. St. Petersburg, Uralsk, Evrazijskij soyuz uchyonykh Publ., 2014. 312 p. (in Russian).
Borkin L. J., Litvinchuk S. N. Gerpetologicheskiye issledovaniya na zapade Kazakhstana: P. S. Pallas i sovremennost' [Herpetological field research in the western part of Kazakhstan: Peter Simon Pallas and present]. In: Priroda zapadnogo Kazakhstana i Peter Simon Pallas (polevyye issledovaniya 2012 goda) [The Nature of Western Kazakhstan and Peter Simon Pallas (field research 2012)]. St. Petersburg, Europeisky Dom Publ., 2015, pp. 53–79 (in Russian).
Brushko Z. K., Zima Yu. A. Sarıqursaq abjılan. Zheltobryukhiy poloz Coluber caspius Gmelin, 1779 [Whipsnake Coluber caspius Gmelin, 1779]. In: Krasnaya kniga Respubliki Kazakhstan. T. 1. Zhivotnyye; Chast' 1: Pozvonochnyye. Izdaniye 4. [The Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Ed. 4th. Vol. 1: Animals; Part 1: Vertebrates]. Almaty, 2010, pp. 78–79 (in Kazakh and Russian).
Vasiliev I. To the knowledge of the fauna and biology of reptiles of Mangishlak. Lyubitel' prirody, 1914, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 97–107 (in Russian).
Grebelsky S. G. Faunistic and environmental observations in the desert stations of the Mangyshlak peninsula based on materials from the expedition of 1936. Proceedings of the Military Medical Academy of the Workers' and Peasants Red Army named after S. M. Kirov, 1939, vol. 18, pp. 199–227 (in Russian).
Dvigubsky I. Opyt yestestvennoy istorii vsekh zhivotnykh Rossiyskoy Imperii. [Tom 4]. Gady, ili zhivotnyye presmykayushchiyesya [Experience of the natural history of all animals of the Russian Empire [Vol. 4]. Reptiles]. Moscow, Universitetskaya Tipografiya, 1832. 48 p. (in Russian).
Debelo P. V., Chibilyov A. A. Amfibii i reptilii Uralo-Kaspiyskogo regiona. Ser.: Prirodnoye raznoobraziye Uralo-Kaspiyskogo regiona. [Amphibians and reptiles of the Ural-Caspian region. Ser .: Natural diversity of the Ural-Caspian region]. Yekaterinburg, Ural Branch of Russian Academiy of Sciences Publ., vol. 3, 2013. 400 p. (in Russian).
Duysebaeva T. N., Chirikova M. A., Zima Yu. A., Belyalov O. V., Kovalenko A. V. Novyye dannyye o rasprostranennosti amfibiy i reptiliy v Kazakhstane: obzor po pervomu desyatiletiyu XXI veka [New data on the prevalence of amphibians and reptiles in Kazakhstan: a review of the first decade of the 21st century]. In: Gerpetologicheskiye issledovaniya v Kazakhstane i sopredel'nykh stranakh: Sbornik nauchnykh statey [Herpetological studies in Kazakhstan and neighboring countries: Collection of scientific articles]. Alamaty, АSBK – SOPK Publ., 2010, pp. 84–99 (in Russian).
Dunaev E. A., Orlova V. F. Snakes of the Russian Fauna. Field Guide. Moscow, Fiton XXI Publ., 2014. 120 p. (in Russian).
Dunaev E. A., Orlova V. F. Zemnovodnyye i presmykayushchiyesya Rossii. Atlas-opredelitel'. Izdaniye 2-ye, pererabotannoye i dopolnennoye [Amphibians and Reptiles of Russia. Atlas and determinant. 2nd ed., revised and enlarged]. Moscow, Fiton XXI Publ., 2017. 328 p. (in Russian).
Karelin G. S. Travels of G. S. Karelin across the Caspian Sea. Memoirs Imperial Russian Geographical Society, 1883, vol. 10, VI +497 p., 6 sheets of cards (in Russian).
Kessler K. F. Notes on lizards and snakes collected by I. B. Auerbach on Bolshoi Bogdo Mountain, during a journey of 1854, compiled by K. F. Kessler, in 1858. Memoirs Imperial Russian Geographical Society on General Geography, 1871, vol. IV, pp. 69–75 (in Russian).
Krasnaya kniga Respubliki Kazakhstan. T. 1. Zhivotnyye; Chast' 1: Pozvonochnyye. Izdaniye 4. [The Red Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Ed. 4th. Vol. 1: Animals; Part 1: Vertebrates]. Almaty, 2010. 324 p. (in Kazakh and Russian).
Kuzmin S. L., Semenov D. V. Konspekt fauny zemnovodnykh i presmykayushchikhsya Rossii [Synopsis of the Fauna of Amphibians and Reptiles of Russia]. Moscow, KMK Scientific Press Ltd., 2006. 139 p. (in Russian).
Lepekhin I. I. The travel notes of the doctor and the Academy of Sciences adjunct Ivan Lepekhin in various provinces of the Russian state in 1768 and 1769 [Part 1]. St. Petersburg, 1771. [VIII] +538 p. (in Russian).
Neruchev V. V., Arzhenkova N. G., Shatilovich O. A. Gerpetofauna rechnykh dolin severnogo Prikaspiya [Herpetofauna of the river valleys of the northern Caspian Sea]. In: Nazemnyye i vodnyye ekosistemy: Mezhvuzovskiy sbornik [Land and aquatic ecosystems: Interuniversity collection]. Gorky, Izdatel'stvo Gorky State University, 1990, pp. 26– 33 (in Russian).
Neruchev V. V., Vasiliev N. F. The fauna of reptiles (Reptilia) of the North-Eastern Caspian Sea. Vestnik zoologii, 1978, no. 6, pp. 36–41 (in Russian).
Nikolsky A. M. Reptiles and Amphibians of the Russian Empire (Herpetologia Rossica). Notes of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, VIII Series, Physics and Mathematics Department, 1905, vol. XVII, no. 1. 518 p. (in Russian).
Nikolsky A. M. Opredelitel' presmykayushchikhsya i zemnovodnykh Rossiyskoy Imperii [Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of the Russian Empire]. Kharkov, Russkaia Tipografiia i Litografiia Publ., 1907. 182 p. (in Russian).
Nikolsky A. M. Fauna of Russia and Adjacent countries. Reptilia. Vol. II. Ophidia. Petrograd, Tipografiia Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, 1916. 350 p. (in Russian).
Ostrovskikh S. V., Pestov M. V., Shaposhnikov A. V. On a question of the Caspian Racer, Hierophis caspius (Gmelin, 1789), distribution in between of Volga and Ural Rivers. In: Gerpetologicheskiye issledovaniya v Kazakhstane i sopredel'nykh stranakh [Herpetological Studies in Kazakhstan and neighboring countries]. Alamaty, Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan Publ., 2010, pp. 252–254 (in Russian).
Pallas P. S. Zametki o puteshestvii v yuzhnyye namestnichestva Rossiyskoy Imperii v 1793 i 1794 godakh. Tom pervyy (izbrannoye). Perevod s nemetskogo [Notes on the Journey to the Southern Governorship of the Russian Empire in 1793 and 1794. Vol. I (selected). Translation from German]. Astrakhan, Izdat.-poligraf. kompleks “Volga”, 2008. 304 p. (in Russian).
Paraskiv K. P. Presmykaiushchiesia Kazakhstana [The Reptiles of Kazakhstan]. Alma-Ata, AN KazSSR Publ., 1956. 228 p. (in Russian).
Paraskiv K. P., Butovskiy P. M. On the Fauna of Amphibians and Reptiles of Western Kazakhstan. Proceedings of the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, 1960, vol. 13, pp. 148–159 (in Russian).
Pasport gosudarstvennogo prirodnogo zakaznika mestnogo znacheniya “ORDA”. Utverzhdon prikazom Upravleniya prirodnykh resursov i regulirovaniya prirodopol'zovaniya Zapadno-Kazakhstanskoy oblasti ot 25 noyabrya 2010 goda № 86 [The Passport of the State Natural Reserve of Local Value “ORDA”. Approved by order of the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Management of the West Kazakhstan region dated November 25, 2010, no. 86]. Uralsk, 2012. 7 p. (in Russian).
Petrenko A. Z., Dzhubanov A. A., Fartushina M. M., Irkaliyeva R. M., Darbayeva T. Ye., Kol'chenko O. T., Chernyshov D. M. Prirodno-resursnyy potentsial i proyektiruyemyye ob'yekty zapovednogo fonda Zapadno-Kazakhstanskoy oblasti [Natural Resource Potential and Designed Objects of the Reserve Fund West Kazakhstan region]. Uralsk, Zapadno-Kazahstanskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet Publ., 1998. 176 p. (in Russian).
Ravinskiy I. V. Khozyaystvennoye opisaniye Astrakhanskoy i Kavkazskoy Guberniy [Economic Description of the Astrakhan and Caucasian Provinces]. St. Petersburg, Imperatorskaia Tipografiia Publ., 1809. [2]+VI+528+ XIV p. (in Russian).
Rall Yu. M. Ancient steppe «Bes-Chokho» in the Volga-Ural sands. Priroda, 1935, no. 4, pp. 55–60 (in Russian).
Rasprostraneniye amfibiy i reptiliy, zanesennykh v Krasnuyu knigu Kazakhstana i redkikh vidov ryb. Masshtab 1:7500000 [Distribution of amphibians and reptiles listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan and rare fish species. Scale 1: 7,500,000]. In: Natsional'nyy atlas Respubliki Kazakhstan. T. 3. Okruzhayushchaya sreda i ekologiya [National Atlas of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Vol. 3. Environment and Ecology]. Almaty, Institute of Geography Publ., 2010, pp. 140 (in Russian).
Rustamov A. K., Shcherbak. N. N. Okhrana amfibiy i reptiliy v zapovednikakh Sredney Azii i Kazakhstana [Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles in the Reserves of Central Asia and Kazakhstan]. In: Amfibii i reptilii zapovednykh territoriy [Amphibians and Reptiles of Protected Areas]. Moscow, CNIL Glavohoty RSFSR Publ., 1987, pp. 101–118 (in Russian).
Sarayev F. A., Pestov M. V. To the Cadastre of Reptiles of the Northern and Northeast Caspian Sea. In: Gerpetologicheskiye issledovaniya v Kazakhstane i sopredel'nykh stranakh: Sbornik nauchnykh statey [Herpetological Studies in Kazakhstan and neighboring countries]. Alamaty, Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan Publ., 2010, pp. 174–193 (in Russian).
Terentyev P. V., Chernov S. A. Kratkiy opredelitel zemnovodnykh i presmykayushchikhsya SSSR [A brief determinant of amphibians and reptiles of the USSR]. Moscow, Leningrad, Uchpedgiz Publ., 1936. 96 p. (in Rus-sian).
Terentyev P. V., Chernov S. A. Opredelitel zemnovodnykh i presmykayushchikhsya [The determinant of amphibians and reptiles]. Moscow, Sovetskaya nauka Publ., 1949. 340 p. (in Russian).
Tuniyev B. S., Orlov N. L., Ananyeva N. B., Agasyan A. L. Snakes of the Caucasus: Taxonomic Diversity, Distribution, Conservation. St. Petersburg, Moscow, KMK Scientific Press Ltd., 2009. 223 p. (in Russian).
Chernov S. A. Ecological-faunistic review of reptiles in the south of the Volga – Ural interfluve. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1954, vol. XVI, pp. 137–158 (in Russian).
Chirikova M. A., Kazenas V. L. Amphibians and Reptiles. Almaty, Nur-print Publ., 2015. 135 p. Ser. “Animals of Kazakhstan in photos”. (in Russian).
Boulenger G. A. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural history). Vol. I. Containing the families Typhlopidæ, Glauconiidæ, Boidæ, Ilysiidæ, Uropeltidæ, Xenopeltidæ, and Colubridæ Aglyphæ. London, 1893. XIII+448+[XVIII]+17 p.
Duméril A.-M.-C., Bibron G., Duméril A. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles. Tome septième. Première partie. Comprenant l’histoire des Serpentes non venimeux. Paris, Librarie Enclyclopédique de Roret, 1854. VII+[5]+XVI+780 p.
Gmelin J. F. Caroli a Linné Systema Naturae. Ed. 13. Tom I. Pars III. Lipsiae, G. E. Beer, 1789. pp. 1033–2224.
Günter A. Catalogue of the colubrine snakes in the collection of the British Museum. London, Printed by of the Trustees, 1858. XVI+281+8 p.
Lantz L.-A. Révision des Reptiles décrits dans le «Journal de voyage» d’Iwan Lepechin. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1922, vol. 47, pp. 191–194.
Lichtenstein H., Martens E. Nomenclator reptilium et amphibiorum musei zoologici Berolinensis. Namenverziechniss der in der zoologischen Sammlung der Königlichen Universität zu Berlin aufgestellten Arten von Reptilien und Amphibien nach ihren Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen. Berlin, Gedruckt in der Buchdrukerei der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1856. 48 S.
Pallas P. S. Bemerkungen auf einer Reise in die südlichen Statthalterschaften des Russischen Reichs in den Jahren 1793 und 1794. Leipzig, G. Martini, 1799, Bd. 1. 516 S.
Pallas P. S. Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens omnium animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, domicilia, mores et descriptiones, anatomen atque icones plurimorum; auctore Petro Pallas, eq. aur. Academico Petropoliano. Tomus III. Animalia monocardia seu frigidi sanguinis Imperii Rosso-Asiatici. Petropoli, in officina Caes. Academiae Scientarum, [1814]. [2]+428+135 p.
Zhao Er-Mi, Adler K. Herpetology of China. Oxford, Ohio, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 1993. 522 p.
